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SHS Biology · Year 2

Human Cardiovascular & Excretory Systems practice questions

The structure of the heart, blood vessels and blood, and the kidney, skin, lungs and liver in homeostasis.

23 questions in this topic: 8 recall, 7 applying skills and concepts, 6 strategic thinking and 2 extended thinking. Every one carries a written explanation.

Sample questions

3 of 23 questions in this topic. Sign up to answer them and see the explanations.

  1. Question 1Extended thinking

    The kidney, skin, lungs and liver are all classified as excretory organs even though they remove very different substances. Explain what unifies them under this single classification.

    • aAll four organs remove metabolic waste products from the body to maintain internal balance (homeostasis), even though each removes different specific substances (urea/salts, sweat, carbon dioxide/water vapour, and bile pigments respectively)
    • bThey are grouped together only because they are all located in the abdomen
    • cThey all produce the exact same waste product: urea
    • dThere is no meaningful reason they are grouped together
  2. Question 2Strategic thinking

    Explain why the left ventricle of the heart has a much thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle, linking the structure directly to its function.

    • aThe left ventricle must pump oxygenated blood at high pressure to the entire body, a much greater distance and resistance than the right ventricle, which only pumps blood to the nearby lungs
    • bThe left ventricle only needs a thin wall because it does less work
    • cBoth ventricles have identical wall thickness
    • dThe right ventricle pumps blood to the whole body, requiring more muscle
  3. Question 3Strategic thinking

    If the kidneys stop producing enough anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) sensitivity, predict what would happen to a person's urine output and explain the mechanism.

    • aUrine output would increase (become more dilute), because without effective ADH signalling, the collecting ducts would reabsorb less water back into the blood
    • bUrine output would decrease to zero, because ADH has no role in water reabsorption
    • cThere would be no change, because ADH only affects blood pressure
    • dUrine would become more concentrated because water reabsorption would increase

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